Leadership approach and style in starbucks

Leadership approach and style in starbucks Q3.In publish statement, the CEO of Starbucks said if they had faith in me and my motives they wouldnt need a union (Seattle times 2.1.2007). What does this statement tell you about the CEOs view of leadership? Making reference to appropriate models and theories of leadership, provide a critical evaluation of the leadership approach and style in Starbucks. Introduction: Starbucks was started in early 70s by three friends and they introduced the beans coffee and its equipment to the market. Howard Schultz was a visionary person and he joined the company as a manger in Starbucks. Howard Schultz had the vision for the company and getting an idea of ready-to-drink coffee in a mug from Italy and introduced it in the Starbucks. He left the company in 1985 and started his own coffee shop with the name of Gironale. He always interested in Starbuck due to its inner capabilities. He bought the company in 1987 when previous owners decided to sell the company. Under Howards supervision and leadership, Starbucks grew rapidly. Schultz received an International Humanitarian Award in 1996. CEOs view of leadership: Many Scholars define leadership differently Leaders are individuals who establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment form this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the directions outcomes (Conger, 1992). Chemers, M. M. (2002) Leadership is a process of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. CEO of Starbucks always admire people with talent and new ideas, he hired Howard Behar and Orin smith as financial and operational Managers. Starbucks achieved number of milestones under Schultz leadership and became the first private company in North America which provide benefits to part-timers and full-timers. According to the Starbucks CEOs statement If they had faith in me and my motives they wouldnt need a union reflects his powerful communication democratic skills as a leader. Exemplary leaders are devoted to building relationships based on mutual respect and caring (Watson, 1983). The mark of a successful leader is his ability to forecast the business trends and stay ahead of his competitors (Luthans, 1998). CEOs Motives: Howard believes in treating people with respect and dignity. He always cared about his employees and gave them the opportunities to come forward and show their abilities for the company. In 1999, Schultz stepped down from the post of CEO for Smith and continued as chairman and chief global strategist of company. According to Howards, treat people like family and they will be loyal and give their all and on his philosophy Starbucks created different benefit programs for employees including part timers. It consist of stock share plan, work life balance etc. Schultz played a major role in developing an employee ownership program at Starbucks shortly after he bought the company. He introduced Bean Stock plan in which all employees were eligible to get the shares of the company. Make them feel like an owner improved employees performance and to retain them. It boosted employee commitment and maintained low employee turnover (Long, 2002). Leadership Approach and style in Starbucks: For evaluating the approach and style in Starbucks I would like to take the help of some theories based on leadership approach and the style of leadership. According to Vechhio (2000) that Leadership might be based on function of personality or it can be seen as a behavioural category. Leadership is the act of influencing the performance of a prearranged set in its efforts toward goal scenery and goal attainment (Stogdill, 1950). Theories of Leadership Style and Approach: Charismatic leadership According to the researchers Charismatic leaders are those who persuade their followers because they have Unspoken capabilities in their communication or personality etc. researchers says that leaders communicate their ideas in such a way that they encourage their followers to achieve his vision (Jacobsen and House, 1999). According to Conger (1989) charismatic leadership approach is process of creating idea and persistent evaluation of the environment, corresponding vision by motivating and convincing arguments, structuring faith and commitment, attaining the vision by giving employees empowerment, using simple stories etc. Howard Schultz using this approaches provided them better work environment, involved them in decision making and also having a vision for rapid expansion which he communicated to his employees. Transformational Leadership Transformational leaders form a relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents (Burns, 1978). The facts mentioned in case study about Howard Schultz shows that with different qualities of his leadership he was also a transformational leader. Schultz in early expansion of his business he transform a new strategy for the business and keep on introducing new things for the benefit of the company and for its employees. The transformational leaders motivate followers to do more than originally expected. Transformational leadership is consists of four basic components, Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration (Bass, 1985). Howard Schultz being a tycoon for the employees, it is likely to attract and motivate workers. In a company people look for its leaders Vision, passion, Decision-making and team building qualities (Vogan, 2007). Understanding the way of leadership we can refer to these approaches: Traits approach: Leaders are born and consists of certain inherited characteristics or personalities traits. The functional approach: Leadership skills can be learned and developed. Leadership as behavioural category: the kind of behaviour of people in leadership and influence on group performance. Style approach: concerned with effects of leadership on those being led. Contingency models: deals with importance of situations. Interactions between the variables involved in leadership situation and behaviour. If we look at the case study we can determine that in Starbucks Howard Schultz approach is more towards functional and style approach as he offered his employees opportunities to become leader and give them learning and development environment to polish their skills to fulfil the goals for the company. Need of a Union: Trade unions are group of people agreed together to achieve shared interests. Union is a blend of the group of employee and the organization. Unions works for their members to defend them from exploitation, collective bargain for wages and work condition, and career development. There is always a need of a union in any trade to preserve the benefits for both company and the employees (Flanders, 1970). Conclusion: According to the case study, Schultz being a leader treats his partners well and provided them with bundles of benefits and helped them in all kinds of problems but on the other hand Schultz did not realise the need of a trade union in the company which can also be beneficial for the company. He sacked every one who tries to join a union it shows that he is also a democratic leader. References: Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectation. New York: Free Press. Bass, B.M. (1990). Bass and Stogdills handbook of leadership. New York: Free Press. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper Row. Chemers, M. M. (2002). Cognitive, social, and emotional intelligence of transformational leadership: Efficacy and Effectiveness. In R. E. Riggio, S. E. Murphy, F. J. Pirozzolo (Eds.), Multiple Intelligences and Leadership. Conger, J. (1992). Learning to Lead. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Conger, J. (1989). The Charismatic Leader. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Long, R. J. (2002). Strategic Compensation in Canada. 2nd ed. Scarborough, Ontario: Thomson Learning. Flanders, A. (1970). Management and Unions, Faber Faber. Jacobsen, C. and House, R. J. (1999). The rise and decline of charismatic leadership http://leadership.wharton.upenn.edu/1_change/publications/House/Rise%20and20%Decline%20of%20Charismatic%20Leadership%20-%20House.doc. Last accessed 12th July 2009. Patty Vogan, (2007). Five Key Traits of Great Leadership. Stogdill, R. M. (The Ohio State University Columbus, 1950). Leadership, membership and organization. Psychological Bulletin 47, p3. Vecchio, R. P. Organizational Behavior: Core Concepts, Fourth edition, Dryden Press. Question 4: Motivated and committed human resources were the key to success. What strategies has Starbucks used in order to gain the motivation and commitment of its employees? With reference to appropriate theories and models, provide a reasoned discussion of how the company can ensure the levels of motivation and commitment that it needs to succeed in the future? Committed Motivated employee: A lot of present-day authors have defined the concept of motivation. They defined motivation as it is a mental process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995), a propensity to act in a purposive way to attain specific, unmet desires (Buford et al, 1995), an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994) and the will to attain (Bedeian, 1993). Motivation is also stated as the inner strength that makes individuals to attain individual and organizational goals. Earlier employees were used as an extra input into the manufacture of commodities and facilities. However Hawthorne Studies may have changed the way of thinking about employees which was carried out by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932. This study shows that employees are not motivated by money only but also their behaviour is linked to their attitudes (Dickson, 1973). In this current age every company need motivated and committed employees to achieve there strategic goals so as the Starbucks. Motivation program in Starbucks: Case study shows that in Starbuck motivated and committed employee have a great importance. Therefore Starbucks always put an extra input to assure recruiting motivated employees and after attaining them. Starbucks offers an interactive structure that encourages employees to commit themselves into their job and achieve a new level of performance. Howard Schultz knew the importance of the benefits to retain the employee that is why he introduced such benefits perks which was highly beneficial of the staff. He gave those benefits for both part and full time employees. According to Pinder (1998), Work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originates both within as well as beyond an individuals being, to initiate work-related behaviour, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration. Starbucks included paid vacation, sick leave, health benefits and stock options. It also offered flexibility in working hours for the workers and one-size fits all benefit for the employees, this benefit was also adopted by different service provider companies. Company also introduced Bean stock program for the employees. Starbucks applies different strategies to hire and attain their employees. Starbucks strategies to gain motivation commitment from its employees: After reviewing the case study, I identified some elements by using Starbucks achieve motivation and commitment from the employee. Selecting the right candidate for the job according to the criteria they have set. Investing on employee training and development and teaching them three main star skills enhance self esteem, listen and knowledge and ask for help. Empowering the employees by involving them in decision making. Giving employees flexible work hours to achieve work-life balance. Feed back system for the employees Equality in the status caption to show every one is equal. Giving them Owner ship by selling company shares to employee and labelling them as partners. As a result Starbucks kept growing in the market and expanded worldwide. Starbucks has low turnover, increase in sale and new openings of stores and good customer care. Theoretical Framework: To understand what motivated employees and how can they motivated was the centre of various researchers. There are five major theories which can make us understand about motivation which are Maslows hierarchy of need theory, Herzbergs two-factor theory, Vrooms expectancy theory, Adams equity theory, and Skinners reinforcement theory. I will discuss Maslows and Hezbergs Theory in context with Starbucks to understand the level of motivation of employees in Starbucks. Maslows Hierarchy of Need Theory If we understand Maslows theory then we come to know that he has discussed five levels of needs of an employee, physiological need, safety, social, ego and self actualisation (Maslow, 1943). According to the Maslow to motivate the employee, fulfil the lower need first and then proceed for the upper need in the hierarchy. Maslow also explained that man is a wanting animal, only an unsatisfied need can motivate its behaviour and the dominant need is the prime motivator of behaviour (Maslow, 1954). Hezbergs two factor theory According to the herzbergs there are two major factors in motivation of the employee: motivators and hygiene. They can also be known as intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor. In intrinsic such as independence, achievement in job and recognition of the work create motivation in employee, in extrinsic or hygiene factor consist on higher pay rate, promotion and penalties like disciplinary action or criticism that can create job dissatisfaction (Hezberg, 1957). In the light of these theories we can determine that Starbucks motivated its employees by empowerment, keeping their social need intact, equality in the company, investing heavily on training and development, rewarding highest pay in industry, giving them number of benefits which motivated employees intrinsically as well as extrinsically. On the other side researcher criticized that employees were not paid for work related injuries, increment was very little. Thus these kinds of factors may decrease the motivation of employees and their performance may reduce which may affect organisation negatively. According to the case study Hr policies are the best in the market and if we look at the employee turnover in Starbucks is far less than the other market turnover. In a survey Employee working in Starbucks more than 70% of the employees was satisfied by the policies in Starbucks. Howard Schultz says that You cant expect your employees to exceed the expectations of your customers if you dont exceed the employees expectations of management (www.starbucks.com) Conclusion: Fact mentioned in the case study shows that the policy of the Starbucks is well formed and beneficial for the company as well as for the employees even in the long run. Assuring the motivated employee is also well organised by the HR department in the company.

Strategic Planning Methodology

Strategic Planning Methodology Strategic analysis is a process which is based on three stages: analysis, planning and management. We can divide it into two types: function sense, and tool sense. In case of the function sense strategic analysis is a set of actions which diagnose both. the organisation and its environment, and thus enable build strategic plan and its development. When it comes to the tool sense, strategic analysis is a set of analysis methods which help examine, assess, and predict the future states of selected companys elements and its environments in order to make it survive and develop on the market. Every manager in the corporation must think strategically. The idea of strategic thinking is to create a long-term plan and vision of the company, by understanding the situation, analyzing the chances, setting the goals and rules to use resources. Whats more, it requires the use of different techniques and analysis and synthesis methods which will help realise these goals and gain all the needed info rmation. Strategic thinking is characterised by the constant need of changing areas and forms of the companys actions in accordance with its vision and its environments condition.   There are different types of analysis in the company, however, what differs strategic analysis from the others are two characteristics: Two ways of perceiving management and information resources: researching the environment and company at the same time, and then confronting all results. This way has its roots in the art of war, and is opposite to traditional companys analysis Use of the qualitative and quantitative methods, from the different fields: economy, finance, sociology, psychology, statistics, and marketing Strategic management development had a strong influence on the strategic analysis. Since 50s and 60s there has been a rising instability and complexity of the world that surrounds the company, and thus caused scientists to create methods which could help it adapt to all changes by rational and planned manners. Long-term planning was the first issue that came into existence, but it was changed into the strategic planning term. Since 80s we can talk about the strategic management development. New concepts were made when the old ones did not work, and therefore helped companies be effective on the market. While developing the strategic management idea, there was a big pressure put on the rules and techniques of formulating the strategy. After that scientists were focusing the empirical researches, and basing on them they were classifying. In the last stage, the final characteristics of the researches and analysis are as follows: organisation strategy multi-dimensional treatment, strategic thinking focus, and trying to create strategic management concept. Strategic management development helps understand the evolution of methods and strategic analysis techniques, changes in the way of its use in the companys management, and treating the moment of the strategic analysis creation as a separate analysis category. There is a big increase in demand for these types of practices, which help assess the current and future situation of the company and then predict the future conditions of its functioning. Its connected with the increase of the environmental complexity, and then putting into practice long-term, and then strategic planning. Strategic planning, mainly in the global corporation, required more effort and thus analysis of the competitive environment, macro-environment, and measurement of the companys strategic position. The main factors that forced people get deeply into the strategic analysis and strategic planning were tough times of the sudden changes in the global economy, technology development, and worse economic factors. Companies improve their strategic analysis, because they face repeating organisation crises, worse internal development, lower market shares, or change of the target market. Whats interesting, these changes are very often influenced by the management board changes, or new strategy development and its implementation. According to Richard Koch (1998) there are two consulting companies, which implemented the strategy analysis into their businesses and thus became successful in the early 50s: Boston Consulting Group and McKinsey. Until the end of 70s, there were created seven school of the strategic thinking, which were connected with the two important management paradigms: strategic rationality ( Harvard School, Strategic Planning School, Matrix Positioning School, and Quantitative school ) and strategic behaviours ( Behavioural school, System School, Incrementalists school ) . First paradigm describes strategys technical-economical dimension, normative approach, which create rational patterns of behaviours, assessments and way of acting ( Gierszewska et al, 2007). The first group of schools is described below: Harvard school is characterised as a will to analyse the company and its competitive position against the environment, and to search for both positive and negative factors connected with functioning of the company in the different markets and its strengths and weaknesses. There are three best known strategic analysis models created by this school: LCAG model ( developed by E.P. Learned, H.K. Christensen, K.R. Andrews, W.D. Guth ). The idea of this model is to describe the search and research of the influence on the strategic choices of the companys strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and threats that are connected with the environment. It has been used by the specialists in the field of management, until there were developed a better methods of the strategic analysis Contingency model ( A.D. Chandler, P.R. Lawrence, J.W. Lorsch ) This model permits to implement different solutions to the strategic problems. These solutions differ according to the situation of the company Industry analysis model ( M. Porter ) Michael Porter suggests to assess the companys situation that concentrates on the competitive environment. Additionally, it leads to the assessment of the sector attractiveness extent, in which company would like to operate Strategic Planning School as a term says, it is about the strategic planning, however it doesnt bring any models nor strategic analysis methods which help in the strategic management. It proves, that the rationality of the actions is a good plan. Matrix positioning school used qualitative and quantitative analysis tools, and helps gain precise techniques of the companys competitive position measurement. Presents the companys product portfolio and compares the dynamics of change between past and the future Quantitative School methods and techniques that are strongly connected with the multi-criteria and statistics analysis. It is based on the econometric modelling. Second paradigm is defined as exposing of the socio-political strategy dimensions and strategic analysis ( Gierszewska et al, 2007 ). Basing on this paradigm, there were created three schools of the strategic thinking. They are as follows: Behavioural. It has four fathers: H.A. Simon, J.G. March, R.M. Cyert, and H. Mintzberg. The idea of this school are the real processes of formulating and implementing the companys strategy, without any information background, how to make strategic decisions System D. Katz, R.L Kahn and M. Crozier are the founders of this school. This case describes the role of the person in the formulating strategy process, relations between participants, and highlights the social background of the organisation Incrementalists school C.E. Lindblom, T.J. Peters, and R.H. Waterman This school represents the pragmatic management approach. The only way to improve the quality of management is to follow already proved patterns implemented in the business by the successful companies. Whats more, motivation of the participants in the management process and example of the other successful corporations plays here a very important role. It is the basis of the further future success ( Giermaszewska, 2007 ). As we can observe, these schools provide us with the different approaches to the analysis methods improvement and strategic management. According to Giermaszewska ( 2007 ), and., schools based on the paradigm of the strategic rationality are more valuable than schools based on paradigm of the strategic behaviours. Harvard and positioning matrix schools bring more concretes and details, and thus bring and require more practical approach. The other schools focus the theoretical analysis methods and strategy creating. French scientists divided the strategic analysis models and put them on the continuum. They begin from the sociological models ( which are general and synthetic ) to the microeconomic models ( more complex, and bring more concrete analysis tools and techniques ). Sociologic models  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macro-economic models LCAG-ANSOFF-PORTER-McKINSEY-ADL-BCG These classifications, schools evaluation, and strategic analysis models indicate the direction of the analysis evolution. New classifications ignore the latest schools and methodology propositions. M.F. Gouillart has chronologically ordered best known strategic analysis schools, and thus presented nine of them. He began from the early 60s, and ended on the 90s. Strategic analysis development, according to M.F. Gouillart: SWOT Analysis 1965 Portfolio analysis 1970 Japanese influence the role of quality, production and technology 1975 Shareholders benefits analysis 1980 Porters Model ( Porters 5 forces ) 1985 Price of perfection 1990 TIme-based competition Goal and strategic skills Strategic change Stage one presents LCAG analysis from the harvard school, portfolio analysis corresponds to the matrix positioning school, Porter model stands for the industry analysis model, and price of perfection stage represents the incrementalists school. However, M.F. Gouillart has enriched this group with two models more. They are as follows: analysis of the shareholders benefits, and Japanese influence. He adds also three issues that occurred in the early 90s: time-based competition, goal, strategic skills, and strategic changes. Analysis of the shareholders benefits type of the companys position assessment. It comes together with the financial analysis signification increase, and capital market forecasts. Moreover, it focuses shares value increase as a main goal of the company, and implementation of the financial analysis into the strategy formulation and its development Japanese influence this term was created in the 70s, when Japanese economy became very successful and was admired by the western companies. Just-in-time inventory strategy describes well the idea of this school, which puts pressure on the precision and punctuality, one of the main key success factors. Time-based competition time advanced companies have a serious advantage over the competition. Main tools used in this stage are techniques which help elaborate the dynamics of the given phenomenon, processes, and organisation ( Gierszewska, 2007 ).Time is one of the main factors which influence the result of the rivalry between companies. Goal and strategic skills the main role of the organisation is to define the mission and most important goals of the company. Basis of the success lays in the ability to use the companys strategic skills. Strategic change it describes the problem of the companys and executives adaptation to the changes in the environment and in the organisation. If there is too much attention put on the changes, the goal of the strategic management is lost from the horizon. This means, that elaboration and implementation of the strategy development are not taken into consideration   ( Gierszewska, 2007 ) All these methods do not go out, while the more attractive ones are being implemented. Useless methods are rejected, useful just improved and adjusted to the needs of the company, and technical and information capabilities ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). Whats more, the older methods from 50s and 60s are still being used in the consulting companies and business schools. LCAG method, product life-cycle, and BCG matrix are invaluable help for the beginning analysts. There is one more classification of the strategic management schools that has to be mentioned. One of the best known polish economists, Krzysztof Oblà ³j, has named and described them as follows: Traditional ( planning ) first thing to be considered is a detailed environment, and second creation of the formalized strategy Evolutionary more behavioural and politics-focused. Strategy is an evolutionary seeking for the common pattern. It is in the middle of the case and many organisational processes: tender for power, customer needs fulfilment, fixation of the activities routine Positional idea of this school is achieving the competitive advantage. It assumes that the strategies are characterised by the product-market concept, and put the pressure on the situation of the company in the environmental sector Resources and capabilities companys key capabilities and resources are the basis for its development strategies Modern   strategic analysis is partially based on the methodology of science, such as sociology, psychology, economy, and management. This connection helps in listing the following characteristics of the strategy analysis approach: Use of the financial analysis Technology development has simplified complex methods of the financial analysis, and therefore it is more understandable for the specialists and the managers. Strategic financial analysis is used both, in the assessment of the companys financial condition and the structure of the capital, and in the assessment of the competitive position of the organisation. Additionally, it helps estimate sector entry and exit barriers, and became a basis for the production portfolio estimation. Whats more, strategic costs, price strategy, and strategic alliances planning are also very important issues to consider. Quality factors The idea of quality factors is to make company be aware of its soft elements, such as culture, qualifications, and peoples motivations, strategic mission, ecological management aspect, and ethical side of the strategic analyses ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). These elements relate especially to the information about the competition, which is used in making decision process. Situational approach Company focuses the correct approaching procedure, and capability to interpret the analysis results without already selected tools and imposing assessments. Analysis is a tool, used by the managers in their everyday job. Thus, strategic planning departments are liquidated, information is being decentralized, and moreover company creates special group which takes over this task. Ø Complex character Company takes into account both internal and external factors from all of it subsystems and environment. In this case it explores relationship between these two factors ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). 1.7.1 Strategic Planning Methodology The purpose of this factor is to set information needs and methods of carrying on the strategic analysis   in the company. First issue that must be considered is the analysis of the environment, in which company operates, and its internal background, such as strengths and weaknesses, staff development, and its potential to develop the process of the new strategy. Knowledge about the past, presence, and capability to predict the companys future and its environment, helps in building the strategy that will adapt to the reality. A good strategic plan helps the company use its potential and strengths to fight the threat and not to loose any opportunity offered by the market. Managers can just set the strategic goal and during implementing the chosen scenario change the ideas into the concrete plans ( Gierszewska, 2007 ), but they may face some problems in the meantime, for example lack of precision in formulating the goals of the actions. Strategic planning is based on determining the sequence of decisions that have been made earlier, but have to be put into practice. Strategic management means, that the strategic decisions have to be put in the right order, findings in the different areas must be coordinated, and on the different levels of the management ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). The following methods, presented by Grazyna Gierszewska and Maria Romanowska ( Gierszewska et al, 2007 ), are very helpful in putting the companys strategy on the right track, plan different types of operations, and management functions. Levels of the strategic management   ( Maria Romanowska, 2007 ) ( STR 32, Gierszewska ) Levels of the management  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Types of the strategy Management Board  Ã‚  Company development strategy Section management The most important decisions for the company come from the management board. Portfolio operations depend on the number and type of sectors of the future activity, type of technology, and geographical scope of sales ( Gierszewska et al, 2007 ). So, according to what is said the corporate strategy should be considered as a first step to the further internal solutions. Strategy of the company is also responsible for the number of the different sectors, technologies, and markets, and investment priorities as well ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). Sector strategy is divided into two sub-groups: suppliers strategy, and competition strategy. Strategy making process in all these cases is limited by the goals and hierarchy that was implemented in the company development process. If corporations that operate only in one sector, there are no two strategic planning levels. They are just treated by the management board as a one strategic plan. However, they appear only when company wants to enter a brand new sector Last type of the strategy are the functional strategies. Their object is to evaluate the goals and ways of achieving them in the area of the financial management, marketing, personal policy, structure shaping, focusing the management procedures, and technology development ( Gierszewska, 2007). To conclude, the aim of the functional strategies is to oversee all strategic plans in the whole organisation.   1.7.2 Scope of the strategic analysis Strategic management requires capability to differentiate internal and external events/phenomenons. Managers are able mainly to research internal problems of the company rather than external ( Gierszewska, 2007 ). External problems estimation needs help of the consultants, and thus managers fail to analyse the environment. Corporation which constantly observes the environment is prepared for the threat that may occur. Situation on the market helps the company prepare the good strategy and plan the future. tells what steps should be taken in order to therefore

Falling into mud, a descent into madness Essay examples -- Play Analys

Having never experienced a show highlighting contemporary and modern dance I was not quite certain what to expect when I first took my seat at the Kshoy!/Decay! performance. What I was not anticipating was a spectacle that moved so quickly and fluidly rendering me unable to process the scenes moment-by-moment as they unfolded before me. It was a beautiful and moving experience that has afforded me many moments of self-reflection to decode and interpret what I was presented with. There was one specific moment from the program that constantly replays over and over in my head. At this one given moment the stage is flooded with the diverse company of women, united in one rapid choreographed movement, when the mood is abruptly changed, the lighting dims to near-darkness, and the quick-footed women all flee, save one, which dramatically freezes in her position. It is silent. There she stands, this tall, statuesque woman. When you look upon her you cannot help but see her as the epitome of a strong black female, her posture suggests that she has labored very hard in her time and is all deserving of the respect that she has attained. She is fully in command of the audience and stage and has us all hinged on her impending movement. If you look closely you can see that from her pronounced forehead there is the tiniest droplets of perspiration as the result of her previous hypnotic gyrations, and you can see her breast breathing heavily trying to regain her brea th and composure. Her garb is a bright magenta beacon in the dark room, and the slight shimmer of the cloth she wears can be likened to a dimly shining candle flame. At this moment you expect her to do nothing other than stand there in her immense pride and relish in the... ...y: Boraine, Alex. A Country Unmasked: Inside South Africa's Truth And Reconciliation Commission. 1st Ed. South Africa: Oxford University Press, 2000. 145-188. Print. Davies, Rob, Dan O'Meara, and Sipho Dlamini. The Struggle for South Africa: A Reference Guide to Movements, Organizations, And Institutions. 1st Ed. 2 vols. London, United Kingdom: Zed Books LTD, 1984. 190-211. Print. De Klerk, F.W. The Last Trek - A New Beginning. 1st Ed. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. 378-385. Print Meredith, Martin. Coming To Terms: South Africa's Search for Truth. 1. New York, New York: PublicAffairs, Perseus Books Group, 1999. 59-67. Print. Gellhorn, Martha, Edward Murrow, Jessica Mitford, Seymour Hersh, and Eric Schlosser. Tell Me No Lies - Investigative Journalism That Changed The World. 1. New York, New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005. 190-192. Print.

Edgar Allan Poe1 Essay -- Essays Papers

Edgar Allan Poe1 In every story conceived from the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, a scent of his essence had been molded into each to leave the reader with a better understanding of Poe’s life. Poe displayed his greatest life’s achievements and his worst disappointments in a series of stories created throughout his whole life. It is the goal of this research paper to reveal symbolic facts about his life and define these hidden maxims in a way that is easy to understand and beneficial to the reader. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19th, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). Poe’s parents were David Poe, an actor based in Baltimore and Elizabeth Arnold Poe, an actress born in England, also based in Baltimore (540). Upon birth, Poe had been cursed. Shortly after his birth, Poe’s father abandoned the family and left Poe and his mother to fend for themselves. Not long after that, the cruel hands of fate had worked their horrid magic once again by claiming his mother. In 1811, when Poe was two, his mother passed away, leaving him with his second depressing loss (540). After his father’s cowardly retreat and mother’s sudden death, Poe was left in the capable hand of his godfather, John Allan. John Allan was a wealthy merchant based in Richmond, Virginia with the means, knowledge and affluence to provide a good life for Poe (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). In 1815, Poe and his new family moved to England to provide Poe a classical education (which was finished out in Richmond. Upon returning from England in 1826, Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). This was a magnificent feat for him, because Poe was only seventeen at the time while the normal age for attendance was nineteen (Quinn 130). For the first time, life had hit a high note and provided for him what seemed to be a path paved with gold. Upon entering college, Poe realized his path of gold was really a mountain of grief and disappointment. In no more time than it took Poe to unpack his bags, he was already involved in immoral acts of gambling and drinking. He developed gambling debts from 2,000 to 2,500 dollars, which caused some fraction between his godfather and himself (Quinn 130). After eleven months at the university, Poe dropped out due to his debts, but mo... ...fe’s death to help the reader better understand what his life has been like. Poe is a genius in the fact that he can captivate a reader with his true-to-life stories and then explains himself through allusions and hidden maxims. When a person reads works of Edgar Allan Poe, he is actually reading his autobiography. Work Cited Bloom, Harold. The Tales of Poe. New York, New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987: 121-145. Buranelli, Vincent. Edgar Allan Poe. Boston: Twayne, 1977: 12-53. â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe, The Dark Genius of the Short Story.† Online Available Http://www.cais.com/webweave/poe/poebio.htm. Partridge, Toby. â€Å"Poetry by Edgar Allan Poe.† Online Available Http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Congress/ 8953/poe.html. â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan.† Encarta Encyclopedia. 2000 ed. â€Å"Poe,Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica. 1995 ed., Vol. 9: 540-542. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher.† Literature: The American Experience. Needham: Prentice Hall, 1996. 194-206. â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† World Book Encyclopedia. 1991 ed., Vol. 15: 591-592. Quinn, Patrick F. â€Å"Four Views of Edgar Poe.† Jahrbuch Fur Amerikastudien. 1960 ed., Vol. 5: 128-146. Edgar Allan Poe1 Essay -- Essays Papers Edgar Allan Poe1 In every story conceived from the mind of Edgar Allan Poe, a scent of his essence had been molded into each to leave the reader with a better understanding of Poe’s life. Poe displayed his greatest life’s achievements and his worst disappointments in a series of stories created throughout his whole life. It is the goal of this research paper to reveal symbolic facts about his life and define these hidden maxims in a way that is easy to understand and beneficial to the reader. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19th, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). Poe’s parents were David Poe, an actor based in Baltimore and Elizabeth Arnold Poe, an actress born in England, also based in Baltimore (540). Upon birth, Poe had been cursed. Shortly after his birth, Poe’s father abandoned the family and left Poe and his mother to fend for themselves. Not long after that, the cruel hands of fate had worked their horrid magic once again by claiming his mother. In 1811, when Poe was two, his mother passed away, leaving him with his second depressing loss (540). After his father’s cowardly retreat and mother’s sudden death, Poe was left in the capable hand of his godfather, John Allan. John Allan was a wealthy merchant based in Richmond, Virginia with the means, knowledge and affluence to provide a good life for Poe (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). In 1815, Poe and his new family moved to England to provide Poe a classical education (which was finished out in Richmond. Upon returning from England in 1826, Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia (â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica 540). This was a magnificent feat for him, because Poe was only seventeen at the time while the normal age for attendance was nineteen (Quinn 130). For the first time, life had hit a high note and provided for him what seemed to be a path paved with gold. Upon entering college, Poe realized his path of gold was really a mountain of grief and disappointment. In no more time than it took Poe to unpack his bags, he was already involved in immoral acts of gambling and drinking. He developed gambling debts from 2,000 to 2,500 dollars, which caused some fraction between his godfather and himself (Quinn 130). After eleven months at the university, Poe dropped out due to his debts, but mo... ...fe’s death to help the reader better understand what his life has been like. Poe is a genius in the fact that he can captivate a reader with his true-to-life stories and then explains himself through allusions and hidden maxims. When a person reads works of Edgar Allan Poe, he is actually reading his autobiography. Work Cited Bloom, Harold. The Tales of Poe. New York, New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987: 121-145. Buranelli, Vincent. Edgar Allan Poe. Boston: Twayne, 1977: 12-53. â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe, The Dark Genius of the Short Story.† Online Available Http://www.cais.com/webweave/poe/poebio.htm. Partridge, Toby. â€Å"Poetry by Edgar Allan Poe.† Online Available Http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Congress/ 8953/poe.html. â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan.† Encarta Encyclopedia. 2000 ed. â€Å"Poe,Edgar Allan,† Encyclopedia Britannica. 1995 ed., Vol. 9: 540-542. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher.† Literature: The American Experience. Needham: Prentice Hall, 1996. 194-206. â€Å"Poe, Edgar Allan,† World Book Encyclopedia. 1991 ed., Vol. 15: 591-592. Quinn, Patrick F. â€Å"Four Views of Edgar Poe.† Jahrbuch Fur Amerikastudien. 1960 ed., Vol. 5: 128-146.

The Historical Context of Terrorism and Our Next Steps :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

The Historical Context of Terrorism and Our Next Steps    As the horrific tragedy of September 11 settles into permanent corridors of our conscious life, our reactions as a society are manifold. There is shock, grief, anger and other emotions that we have not fully understood or found words to describe. As we search for explanations, our sages in government, the media and the academy try to help us articulate what we have experienced. We have been told that our innocence is gone, that the third world war has begun and that we are confronting a new and more lethal form of terrorism than the world has ever seen.    There is no doubt that our life as a nation will be altered by the destruction of that day. The thousands of lost lives cannot be restored, and their loss cannot be explained to those left without them. Fear will become a presence that increased security can never really dispel. Sacrifices will be made if our government chooses to seek retribution by war, as seems now to be the case.    We are urged to resume normal life, as both a healing mechanism and a tactic in the war against terrorism. Sports events resume and we will cheer for another kind of victory, movie theaters will again draw crowds to view digitalized specters of violence, mayhem and terrorism, and our daily routines of earning a living, providing food for our families, and seeking temporary escape in front of televisions, at bars and in restaurants with friends will go on. The firebomb that brought down the World Trade Center will be a memory.    In historical perspective, the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon are not really new; they are part of an evolutionary pattern that continues to metastasize into the social fabric of the Western world. Modern terrorism began in a democracy: In 1793, the French government, after four years of experimenting with the problems of establishing a democratic republic, inaugurated a self-proclaimed "reign of terror" in which tens of thousands of citizens were victimized and executed as "enemies of the revolution." Terror from below began with the Italian Carbonari, small cells of Italian patriots who killed French officers during the occupation of Europe under Napoleon. In 1849, Karl Heinzen wrote the first manifesto on modern terrorism in which he justified the killing of "the barbarians" in government as the only means of ending the injustice and brutality of monarchical rule.

Nanogene Case

Graciela Rodarte FIN 425 Professor: Stephan Cutler November 8, 2012 NanoGene Technologies, Inc. In November 2001, the team of Tompkins Mark Masterson, Ravi Rhoota, and Gary Gary Garfield met to formally incorporate NanoGene. They discussed a number of important issues including equity splits, salaries, funding strategies, and naming Tompkins CEO. The founders decided a salary of $120,000 and split the equity equally. NanoGene closed a deal with an angel for $600,000, and their own stock would be 20% immediately, 20% at the end of the first year and the remaining 60% at the rate of 2% per month.In September 2002, Tompkins met with VCs seeking $10 million in series A financing. After doing several due diligences on the company, the VCs had serious issues with the decisions the founders had made. First, it was the large founding team, the fact that split the equity equally, the salary, and none of them had experience as a Chief Scientific Officer of an established firm. According to the VCs CEOs usually have 7 to10% equity and makes about $250,000 salary, and senior scientist $95,000.Another issue that the founders had was that they wanted to hire Miller as VP but they were not agree with the salary she was asking. Mean while she agreed to do some consulting projects for NanoGene. Miller did help the team do some hiring process and with the compensation policy. Evaluate the founders’ decisions regarding the split of equity and compensation level. The decision of the split equity, and compensation seemed fair when NanoGene was founded. As the case stated, Will Tompkins did not see himself more important than his co-founders, and because they all started together and were agreed about it.But once the founders started working, things changed as they performed different duties and responsibilities. I t is logic that salaries and compensation should go according to their performance in the company. There exist guidelines to follow on how NanoGene should go with the market salary for the some jobs. In terms of the compensation level, it can be considering as a no dynamic. It would be better to consider multiple options for compensations that would be a dynamic workforce. As a potential investor, these decisions would be a concern for me.When doing evaluation of the potential company the distribution of salaries among the founders is important because as an investor I would see the CEO as not aggressive enough to run the company and who is not ready or willing to take appropriate salary. Also would see the CEO as not being confident with his ability, which it would be important for the business to be successful. Evaluation of the size and composition of the founding team. It is a problem when the founding team at NanoGene is larger than the average team.Also it is relevant that when trying to negotiate with a big group of founders brings disagreements between founders and investors. It is clear and easy to deal with one or two people than wi th a group of people that would have different opinions and points of views. Furthermore, there could negative results as none of the founders have any business experience. It would be logic that when creating a company at least one of the founders has some experience. In terms of the composition of the founding team, it would be better if the founders own different amounts to make the correct decision control.There is a big difference between being a founder and early employees. A founder owns percentage of equity, has more ties to the company, does the job by directing, works harder, has to be involved with meetings of the company, and it is uncertainly the time in terms of getting pay. While the early employee just has opinions, does the work, have less risk, and get pay from day one. Evaluate Paige Miller as an addition to the team, the addition of Paige Miller to team would be a great value to the company since she had the experience in management and operations field that none of the founders would have to manage NanoGene.As Will said, Paige would contribute a lot the company doing the job of management while the founders can focus on the science. In terms of her compensation demands, salary and equity are reasonable since she asked and knew what her market value is. She had ample knowledge of her work and how much she worth. As such, her compensation demands are logic, and I would hire her if she would contribute and bring value to the company and need her. I would not be hesitating paying what she asked. But since NanoGene is a developing company, hiring Paige would be not necessary, and also would be loss of fund at this time.Consequently I would probably hire her to do some consulting projects for NanoGene. Assess the company’s progress on each of the specific issues discussed in the last section of the case: In the hiring process, first of all it would be better that each senior scientist identifies the position and skills needed for his or h er department. This way the scientist can have an idea and the vision of the person they need. In order to recruit the potential employee, NanoGene needs the process of doing advertising through news paper, web-site or/and job fairs. In the process of interviewing is the decision to select the most qualified candidate.The compensation policy provides a set of basic principles and guidelines that are designed to enforce end direct the company. NanoGene should comprise with more options basing on the potential candidates’ backgrounds and experience. Also it is very important to set clear goals for each department, and give some freedom which would be the successful of each employee as well as for the company’s future. Also the company’s culture is very important to maximize its ability and achieve its strategic objectives as NanoGene must understand its ideal culture. This would be helpful when doing interviews to better accomplish its needs.As culture encourages employees to work hard but also to have fun while doing so. Furthermore its culture entails respect for others employees in terms of understanding the company’s culture works reciprocal with strategic NanoGene was founded with a large group of members, salaries and split were unusual way, and they were pure scientists but none of them had experience as CEO. The team should reduce the number of the members, and hire someone who has ample experience as Chief Scientific Officer. Also change the salary and split based on the guides in order to be performance oriented and be successful business.

Doing Business in Countries with Totalitarian Goverments Essay

The ethics of doing business in countries with totalitarian governments has many pros and cons involved with it. But for this debate I will show the cons of doing business in a country with a totalitarian government with an example. The term totalitarian government can be defined as in political science a system of government and ideology in which all social, political, economic, intellectual, cultural, and spiritual activities are subordinated to the purposes of the rulers of a state. (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia) Totalitarian dictatorship strives to be in the control of all the aspects of the private and public behavior by the government influencing all of society toward all their common goals and policies. When I began thinking of a totalitarian government a good example came to mind is the totalitarian states of Nazi Germany which was under the leadership of Adolf Hitler at that time. It was the first examples of decentralized or popular totalitarianism in which the state achieved an overwhelming popular support for its country’s leadership. The support from its individuals was not spontaneous but it genesis depended on its charismatic leader. It also was made possible only by the modern developments in its communication and transportation. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia under totalitarian rules, the traditional social institutions and organizational are discouraged and suppressed. Thus saying that the social fabric is weakened and the people became more amenable to absorption into a single unified movement. With all said me I believe that with doing business in a country that has a totalitarian government would not be a chose one bit. A totalitarian government will tell you as a business owner how you should run your business. They will also make themselves involved in every big or little aspects of how your business is operated. With being in a totalitarian government you would have to be very caution of what and how you sell your goods and services. I also believe that with a totalitarian government that if you make one wrong move you business could be taken over by the government. By doing business with a country that lives under the  totalitarian rules you as a business owner are inadvertently supporting the regime of the dictators. References: â€Å"Definition of totalitarianism† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia (2008). Retrieved May 5, 2008 from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761574819/totalitarianism.html†Totalitarianism† (2008). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from Encyclopedia Britannica Online: http://www.brigannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600435/totalitarianism